I have just come back from a week of continuous mathematics, board gaming, and hitting people with sticks to ensure that they get up in time. Yippee! Those problems sure do get around.

Sample problem: This problem rocks!

Brevity has been chosen over accuracy because the whole point is that you should know this stuff already.

Chapter 2: Basic Topology (+ some Ch. 3)

An isolated point of E is in E but not a limit point of it. E is perfect if it is exactly equal to its set of limit points. Equivalently, it is closed and has no isolated points. Ex. 2.44: The Cantor set is perfect.

A compact set is a set for which every open cover has a finite subcover.

Compactness or compact sets have these properties (with made-up names):

Limit + Limit

Cheaply, using an Iverson bracket expression:

\[ \begin{aligned} \lim_{a \to \infty} \lim_{b \to \infty} [a > b] &= 0 \\ \lim_{b \to \infty} \lim_{a \to \infty} [a > b] &= 1 \end{aligned} \]

For more continuity, use \(\frac{a}{a + b}\) instead (Rudin Example 7.2).

Uniform convergence on one limit suffices to allow this exchange, almost by definition.

Limit + Continuity

Let

\[ f_\epsilon(x) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if } |x| \geq \epsilon \\ 1 - \left|\frac{x}{\epsilon}\right| &\text{if } |x| < \epsilon \end{cases}. \]